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It is Sweden who wins, this year, the prize for most innovative countries in the European Union, according to the dashboard of innovation lately published by the European Commission. As for France, among others overtaken by the Nordic countries, Germany and the UK, she had to settle for 11th place. Even if all Member States have made progress in the race for innovation, they fail to bridge the gap between them that are world champions the United States, Japan and South Korea. Involved, the lack of R & D in the private sector. To compare the performance of the 27 EU countries, as many as 24 indicators have been explored, from the resources devoted to research, business involvement, through the introduction of new technology or economic effects innovation. In pictures, the ranking of EU countries involved in the innovation race. 1/14

Previous Previous PauseSuivant 1. Sweden: Champion of Innovation Next Photo 2/14

Previous Previous PauseSuivant 2. Denmark: innovation champion Next Photo 3/14

Previous Previous PauseSuivant 3. Germany: innovation champion Next Photo 4/14

Previous Previous PauseSuivant 4. Finland: innovation champion Next Photo 5/14

Previous Previous PauseSuivant 5. Belgium: follower innovation Next Photo 6/14

Previous Previous PauseSuivant 6. UK: follower innovation Next Photo 7/14

Previous Previous PauseSuivant 7. Netherlands: follower innovation Next Photo 8/14

Previous Previous PauseSuivant 8. Austria: follower innovation Next 9/14

Previous Previous PauseSuivant 9. Luxembourg: follower innovation Next Photo 10/14

Previous Previous PauseSuivant 10. Ireland: follower innovation Next Photo 11/14

Previous Previous PauseSuivant 11. France: innovation follower Next Photo 12/14

Previous Previous PauseSuivant Slovenia, Cyprus and Estonia: followers of innovation Next Photo 13/14

Previous Previous PauseSuivant The moderate innovators Next Photo 14/14

Previous Previous PauseSuivant Innovators modest Next

European shares are sharply higher Monday in mid-session, encouraged by the hope that European leaders propose new measures against the debt crisis at the approach of the EU summit of December 9. But traders believe the rebound mainly technical, due to purchases cheap, European values ​​being dropped last week to a low of seven weeks.

Around 12:20, the CAC 40 index advanced 3.6% (102 points) to 2959 points, rising to 3,000 points after falling 4.67% last week.

The London Stock Exchange gained 2.04%, 3.10% that of Frankfurt and Milan up 3.08%.

During the Franco-German summit in Strasbourg, Angela Merkel has made the ECB does not undertake more to calm soaring interest rates, preferring a stronger fiscal discipline to the States. But it is not safe for the German economy … Chancellor Angela Merkel in Berlin.

Markets continue to worry for Europe. The Paris Stock Exchange (-0.18%), Frankfurt (-0.54%) and London (-0.24%) have once again closed in the red on Thursday night. Investors were disappointed by the Franco-Germano-Italian held in Strasbourg, and has not provided an answer to soaring interest rates of the states of the euro area. Italian and rates again exceeded 7% in late afternoon.At this summit, Angela Merkel and Nicolas Sarkozy said they would do "proposals to improve the governance of the euro", refusing however to include a reform of the European Central Bank to establish as lender of last resort and thus relieve the rates. It was the wish of the French president, but Angela Merkel is always hostile. She prefers to impose a priority in budget control by Brussels that would oblige member states to return quickly to the nails of the Stability Pact. But this strategy is not without risk for Germany itself, as shown by recent events.

Interest rates on the rise

This is not a fire, but heat stroke has occurred. The rates at which to finance Germany jumped to 2.26% on Thursday, the highest since late August after a failed fundraising in the bond market Wednesday.

Germany has registered a growth of 0.5% of GDP in the third quarter. Much better performance than the average for the euro area (0.2%). However, analysts expect a stagnation or a decline in GDP in the fourth quarter. The German Chancellor Angela Merkel

Germany has registered a growth of 0.5% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the third quarter, a better performance than its French neighbor, which attests to the strength of the first European economy to the air hole waiting . Without revive its vitality from the beginning of the year (+1.3% in the first quarter), growth resumed during the summer months, depending on the initial estimate at constant prices and seasonally adjusted, published Tuesday by the Federal Statistical Office Destatis.

The Franco-Belgian bank Dexia said Wednesday it has decided to increase the capital of its French subsidiary Dexia Credit Local (DCL) after write-downs that the group had to save his Greek government bonds.

Dexia had to spend a total depreciation of 2.3 billion euros 2.9 billion exposure to Greece following the Greek debt restructuring agreed by the European Union with the private sector.

In total, Dexia said in the first nine months of the year, the impact of disposals, depreciation and provisions on its books reached 10.513 billion euros.

INTERIM STATEMENT

Dexia has not released financial results Wednesday, strictly speaking, but "an interim statement" taking stock of its financial position following the split of the current group.

First victim of bank scale of the crisis of European sovereign debt, Dexia should remain ultimately in the form of a holding company listed in Brussels which will combine the activities of financial services to the public sector in France, Spain, Italy and Germany.

EU leaders welcomed the pledges made rigorous by Silvio Berlusconi. But in Brussels, we expect that the Italian promises with deeds. The Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi at the European Summit of October 23, 2011

The commitments offered by Italy Wednesday to clean up its finances were judged "satisfactory" with its partners in the euro area, provided they are implemented, but this success was overshadowed by a controversy with Germany. "The EU summit welcomed the commitment of Italy. These ambitious measures to liberalize the economy must be applied," said the President of the European Union Herman Van Rompuy, after a summit of the area euro in Brussels.

"Yes we are happy," confirmed the Head of French State Nicolas Sarkozy during his press conference. "But we expect their achievement," he warned.Silvio Berlusconi has assured of his intention to run. "If we do not respect our commitments, we will no longer credible," he admitted leaving the summit. He promised to present a timetable for the adoption of the measures announced by the Italian Parliament. The head of the Italian government has incurred the wrath of Chancellor Angela Merkel ensuring obtaining apologized for his behavior at the EU summit last Sunday, what curtly denied the spokesman of the Chancellor.

"There was no excuse because there were no grounds to apologize," said Steffen Seibert on his twitter account. When asked about confidence in Silvio Berlusconi, Angela Merkel and Nicolas Sarkorzy had exchanged amused smiles before answering. The film of this scene of 19 seconds was repeatedly broadcast in the media and Italian Silvio Berlusconi had felt humiliated.The conclusions of the detail a series of measures to be implemented in two years to reduce the huge debt of 1,900 billion euros, or 120% of GDP currently to an amount representing 113% of GDP in 2014.

The Italian leader is now under surveillance by the European Union. The Commission is invited "to monitor in detail the measures and monitor their implementation," said Merkel, adding that Rome had committed to provide "all information in detail." A balanced budget will be achieved in 2013 due to austerity measures totaling 60 billion euros by 2014. Italy has pledged to outline a plan to revive growth by 15 November.The retirement age as part of "old age" will be raised to 67 years from 2026 and a plan for disposal of public assets for at least five billion per year will be conducted over three years.

The growth plan aims to liberalize the Italian economy by opening markets to competition and to support business and innovation through tax deductions. The labor market will be reformed including "new rules of dismissals for economic reasons in the employment contracts of indefinite duration." All these commitments are recorded in the summit conclusions.The head of the Italian Government had been put up against the wall Sunday by its European partners, which required firm commitments on reform and a clear timetable for implementation in order to reassure the markets and to ensure that Italy is the next victim of the debt crisis, which would jeopardize the entire euro area.

Moody's is given three months to determine whether his perspective "stable" on "AAA" tricolor is still justified. The rating agency said that financire the financial strength of the French government has weakened. The Minister of Economy and Finance Baroin presented Wednesday, September 28 in Council ministresle of the state budget for 2012.

The rating agency Moody's Investors Service gave the first Monday penknife to the sacrosanct "AAA" rating of France, announcing that it gave three months to determine whether his perspective "stable" was still justified in view of the deteriorating economic situation."Over the next three months, Moody's will monitor and evaluate the stable outlook (the note of the country) in the light of progress made by the government to implement" the measures announced to reduce the budget deficit, said the agency rating in a statement.

France has currently the highest rating possible from Moody's (a "Aaa"), as from its main rival Standard & Poor's and Fitch Ratings. This high rating allows it to borrow on the markets in very favorable terms to finance its budget deficits. If the prospect of this note should be revised to "negative", this would imply that Moody's would likely reduce the medium-term (usually for a term of three to twelve months).And France would become the new big country, after the United States to lose the precious talisman financially.

The agency is careful to note that this review is part of its annual study on the accounts of France and that it is not – at this stage – a decision on the note country. But it is the first of three major rating agencies and to cast a shadow on the "Aaa" French. Last week, Moody's had yet to confirm the strength of the French note, after the announcement of the restructuring of the bank Dexia.

Keeping the promise of deficit reduction

In addition to the ability of the French government to meet its budget commitments, Moody's says it will consider in its deliberations "new negative developments in the economy or financial markets."In its statement, Moody's notes that the financial strength of the French government, although still very high, "has weakened, as is the case for other countries in the euro area, as the economic and financial crisis in the world has led to a deterioration in its debt ratios, which are now among the lowest rated countries Aaa + + ".

For Moody's, so it is "crucial" for France to maintain "investor confidence in its ability and willingness to deal with unforeseen challenges."Or "France could face a number of challenges in the coming months – such as the need for additional support to other European countries or its own banking system, which could increase so significant commitments that must support the country's budget, "said Moody's.

"The deterioration of debt ratios and the ability to see new potential liabilities are putting pressure on the prospect of stable rating Aaa + + of the country," said the agency. For Moody's, the French government now less room for maneuver in 2008 (…) "during the crisis of" subprime "." The continued commitment to implement economic reform measures and budgetary and visible progress in the goals "for reducing debt" will be important for maintaining the stable outlook "of the note of the country, the agency warns.

European officials plan to establish a flow of funds for a mutual fund (SPV, special purpose vehicle) that would issue bonds and buy the European sovereign debt, CNBC reported Monday, quoting a European financial responsibility.

The American chain adds that the fund would be created by the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the obligations could also serve as collateral for the European Central Bank (ECB).

"Our feeling is that the project to leverage the EFSF (European Financial Stability Fund) is well underway," said CNBC, adding that it was perhaps not the only project under discussion to address the crisis of debt sovereign in the euro area.

Wall Street has increased its earnings this announcement and the Dow and the S & P 500 ended in gains well in excess of 2%.

No one was immediately available to the EIB.

Another European official, who participates in discussions to find ways to resolve the crisis, found that information "bizarre".

"Frankly, what evokes the EIB is just weird, it's not at all what we are talking," said the official told Reuters.

"We are discussing with the EIB to increase its capacity but only for loans for projects," he added, referring to bonds to finance major infrastructure projects of the European Union.

European shares ended sharply higher Wednesday for the President of the European Commission José Manuel Barroso to present options for the introduction of euro bonds that endorsed a market, which remains concerned about the exposure of banks to sovereign debt.

The CAC 40 index ended up 1.87% to 2949.14 points, after opening down nearly 1.5%, confirming the already observed high volatility the day before.

Other major European markets, London was up 1.02%, 3.36% of Frankfurt and Milan to 2.69%.The pan-European Euro Stoxx 50 index gained 2.29%, but its implied volatility index remains at levels close to those recorded in August despite a decrease of 4.86% on Wednesday.

"The configurations of the lowest values ​​make you want to buy for those who like to put in front of the trend. Oversold is strong, with significant support.In the medium term, we begin to address our exposure, "said Valerie Gastaldy, an analyst at Day By Day graphic.

"In the short term, the market tent up, but nothing is well established," does nuance.

BACK safe havens

European banks (0.51%) continue to worry investors, especially with Moody's downgraded a notch notes of Societe Generale (-2.88%) and Credit Agricole (1.22%).

Swedish bank Swedbank lost 5.55% and the Belgian KBC 4.29%, while BNP Paribas, she was accused (-3.93%), the largest drop in the CAC 40 after announcing a reduction size of its balance sheet by about 10% by the end of 2012.

"The theme of the rulers continue to pollute the market environment.Within the European indices, banks once again accuse the largest declines due to exposure to sovereign debt.We also see that the volatility particularly for banks, "said Benedict Peloille, equity strategist at Natixis.

The real estate industry has accused the only sector down (-0.72%), penalized by several downward revisions of earnings estimates by analysts for several days.

However, the automobile (5.08%), including the Frankfurt Motor Show opens its doors to the public from September 15 to 25 after two days reserved for the press, the best performing European sector, supported in particular by redemption with it, the sector still showing a decline of more than 31% since July 22.

The relative optimism of investors has resulted in a marked rise in the performance of the German government bond (Bund) to 10 years to around 1.88% against 1.79% the day before closing. The other safe haven, gold, for its part has given up 0.88% to 1,817.15 dollars per ounce.

The euro, which was passed under $ 1.36 in the morning, rose against the greenback around 1.3706 dollars (0.17%).

The number of jobseekers in France rose by 36,100 in July, the largest monthly increase in two years. The trend of 2011 is back up. Since the crisis in 2008, the situation of the labor market in France is particularly depressing.

Xavier Bertrand had prepared the ground. The news is, however, the effect of a cold shower: the number of jobseekers in Class A rose by a further 1.3% in July on the rise year on year to 2.8%. A bad result that erases completely stabilize the labor market seen earlier this year. Worse, when you take a step back, the situation of the labor market in France since the crisis began in early 2008 seems particularly depressed.Review detailed figures of black unemployment.

33%: This is the increase since January 2008 the number of registered unemployed persons in categories A, B, C, that is to say job seekers must be positive acts of job search. In nearly four years, this category has swelled from just over one million people.

57%: This is the rise in unemployment for more than 50 years since January 2008. While the youth unemployment is a wound in France. But it is the elderly who have suffered most from the deterioration of the labor market and plans of downsizing in companies.

453 days: This is the average length of job seekers registered at employment center. In January 2008 it was 412 days. The long-term unemployment (more than one year of enrollment) affects 38% of registered voters, against 32% four years ago.The number of registered unemployed for over two years increased by nearly 27% over the last twelve months.

Only 21% of output for Occupation Pole of the unemployed who found a job. An extremely low which demonstrates the low dynamism of recruitment. Radiation administrative account for 10% of outputs at Pole Occupation: they jumped from just over 7% in one year.

16%: This is the decline since January 2008 the number of sustainable jobs (that is to say, longer than 6 months) received Pole Employment. The precariousness of the job market is growing again. In one year, the proposed job "casual" (lasting less than one month) rose 4.7%.